Ishige R, Tokita M, Funaoka S-I, Kang S, Watanabe J. Control over internal structure of liquid crystal polymer nanofibers by electrospinning. Nakashima K, Tsuboi K, Matsumoto H, Ishige R, Tokita M, Watanabe J, Tanioka A. Regular formation of chain folding in smectic phase of main-chain BB-3(2-Ph) polymer followed by columnar association of phenyl side group in propane spacer. Ishige R, Naito Y, Kang S, Tokita M, Watanabe J. Elongation behavior of a main-chain smectic liquid crystalline elastomer. Ishige R, Osada K, Tagawa H, Niwano H, Tokita M, Watanabe J. Unusual formation of smectic A structure in cross-linked monodomain elastomer of main-chain LC polyester with 3-methylpentane spacer. Ishige R, Tokita M, Naito Y, Zhang CY, Watanabe J. Domain-boundary structure of styrene-isoprene block copolymer films cast from toluene solutions. Hashimoto T, Nagatoshi K, Todo A, Hasegawa H, Kawai H. Deformation mechanism of elastomeric block copolymers having spherical domains of hard segments under uniaxial tensile stress. Inoue T, Moritani M, Hashimoto T, Kawai H. Structure analysis of chain-folded lamellar polyamide crystals from X-ray diffraction. Large periods in polyethylene: the origin of low-angle X-ray scattering. A note on single crystals in polymers: Evidence for a folded chain configuration. An electron diffraction examination of some linear high polymers. Possibilities of X-ray small angle analysis in the investigation of dissolved and solid high polymer substances. La diffraction des rayons X aux très petits angles: application à l’étude de phénomènes ultramicroscopiques. Molecular configuration in sodium thymonucleate. Molecular structure of nucleic acids: a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. The discovery of the alpha-helix and beta-sheet, the principal structural features of proteins. New X-ray evidence on the configuration of polypeptide chains: polypeptide chains in poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate, keratin and hæmoglobin.
The structure of proteins: two hydrogen-bonded helical configurations of the polypeptide chain.
The investigation of synthetic linear polymers by x-rays. Transmission of X-rays through fibrous, lamellar and granular substances. The advantages of these methods are briefly reviewed, and the relationship between the macroscopic physical properties and the inherent microstructure is discussed.
This focus review details the use of various characterization techniques, including variable-temperature (VT) synchrotron (SR) X-ray scattering, VT SR X-ray diffraction, and infrared p-polarized multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry (pMAIRS), to determine the structure of fully liquid-crystalline ABA-type triblock copolymers, highly crystalline aromatic polyimides, and thin-film polyimides, respectively. Hence, precise determination of the structures at all spatial scales is essential to control the physical properties of polymeric materials. The physical properties of polymeric materials are determined not only by their primary structures but also by their higher order (hierarchical) structures. Polymers can exist in many different conformations and exhibit a variety of unique and complicated hierarchical structures, which are dominated mainly by entropy and sometimes by kinetics rather than thermodynamics due to the intrinsic high viscosity, polydispersity, and so on.
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